Salicicola: Massachusetts Vascular Plants

Native Plants Reported from or Likely to Occur in Plymouth County, MA
Includes 1,139 species, subspecies, natural varieties, and natural hybrids
Source: Massachusetts County Checklist (2011, First Revision)

A reminder: No one should attempt propagation or installation of state-protected rare plants listed here as Endangered, Threatened, or of Special Concern (as well as Historic plants). Manipulating Watch-Listed plants is not prohibited; however, a good practice is to voluntarily report to NHESP any such manipulations, especially because the status of Watch-Listed plants may be eventually elevated to state-protected.

The listing includes 114 plants (10%) that are present in adjacent counties both north and south of Plymouth (NO—Norfolk, BR—Bristol, BA—Barnstable), yet not known from Plymouth County (PL). Such gaps may merely depict gaps in collections. Each of these plants is supplied with a note providing justification for its inclusion.

Acalypha gracilens — slender three-seeded mercury — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Acalypha rhomboidea — three-seeded mercury (Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea)

Acalypha virginica — Virginia three-seeded mercury — Watch-Listed

Acer rubrum — red maple

Acer saccharinum — silver maple

Acer saccharum — sugar maple

Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa — common yarrow (Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis, A. millefolium var. borealis, A. borealis) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Actaea pachypoda — doll's eyes, white baneberry

Actaea rubra — red baneberry

Adiantum pedatum — northern maidenhair fern

Agalinis maritima — saltmarsh false foxglove (Gerardia maritima)

Agalinis paupercula — small-flowered false foxglove (Gerardia paupercula, G. purpurea var. paupercula)

Agalinis purpurea — purple false foxglove (Gerardia purpurea)

Agalinis tenuifolia — slender false foxglove (Gerardia tenuifolia)

Ageratina aromatica — aromatic boneset (Eupatorium aromaticum) — Endangered

Agrimonia gryposepala — common agrimony, woodland agrimony

Agrimonia striata — coarse or grooved agrimony — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Agrostis hyemalis — southern ticklegrass

Agrostis perennans — upland bentgrass (Agrostis altissima)

Agrostis scabra — northern ticklegrass

Aletris farinosa — colic-root — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Alisma subcordatum — lesser water-plantain, southern water-plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica var. parviflorum) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Allium canadense — wild garlic

Alnus incana ssp. rugosa — speckled alder (Alnus rugosa, A. rugosa var. americana)

Alnus serrulata — smooth alder, common alder

Alopecurus aequalis — short-awned foxtail

Amaranthus cannabinus — saltmarsh hemp

Ambrosia artemisiifolia — annual ragweed

Ambrosia trifida — giant ragweed

Amelanchier canadensis — thicket shadbush, eastern serviceberry, juneberry

Amelanchier laevis — smooth shadbush (Amelanchier arborea var. laevis)

Amelanchier nantucketensis — Nantucket shadbush — Watch-Listed

Amelanchier spicata — running serviceberry, running shadbush (Amelanchier stolonifera)

Ammophila breviligulata — dune grass

Amphicarpaea bracteata — hog-peanut

Anaphalis margaritacea — pearly everlasting (Gnaphalium margaritaceum)

Andropogon gerardii — big bluestem

Andropogon glomeratus — bunched broomsedge

Andropogon virginicus — Virginia broomsedge

Anemone americana — blunt-lobed liverleaf (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, H. americana)

Anemone cylindrica — thimbleweed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Anemone quinquefolia — wood anemone, windflower

Anemone virginiana — thimbleweed

Angelica lucida — seaside angelica — Watch-Listed

Antennaria howellii ssp. canadensis — Canadian pussytoes (Antennaria canadensis)

Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica — Greene's pussytoes (Antennaria neodioica var. grandis, A. neodioica var. chlorophylla, A. neodioica var. attenuata)

Antennaria howellii ssp. petaloidea — field pussytoes (Antennaria neodioica ssp. petaloidea, A. petaloidea)

Antennaria neglecta — pussytoes

Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax — broad-leaved pussytoes (Antennaria fallax, A. brainerdii, A. munda)

Antennaria parlinii ssp. parlinii (Antennaria arnoglossa, A. parlinii var. arnoglossa) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Antennaria plantaginifolia — plantain-leaved pussytoes

Anthoxanthum nitens — Indian sweetgrass (Hierochloe odorata)

Apios americana — groundnut

Apocynum androsaemifolium — spreading dogbane

Apocynum cannabinum — Indian hemp

Apocynum ×floribundum — hybrid dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium × A. cannabinum, A. ×medium)

Aquilegia canadensis — wild columbine, red columbine

Arabis: see Boechera, Turritis

Aralia hispida — bristly sarsaparilla

Aralia nudicaulis — wild sarsaparilla

Aralia racemosa — American spikenard

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi — bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ssp. coactilis)

Arenaria: see Honckenya, Moehringia

Arethusa bulbosa — dragon's mouth — Threatened

Argentina egedii ssp. groenlandica — saltmarsh silverweed (Potentilla egedii var. groenlandica)

Arisaema stewardsonii — swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii)

Arisaema triphyllum — woodland Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema atrorubens, A. triphyllum ssp. triphyllum)

Aristida dichotoma — poverty grass

Aristida longespica — barrens needlegrass (Aristida intermedia)

Aristida purpurascens — purple needle-grass — Threatened

Aristida tuberculosa — seebeach needle-grass — Threatened

Aronia melanocarpa — black chokeberry (Photinia melanocarpa)

Aronia ×floribunda — purple chokeberry (Aronia ×prunifolia, Photinia floribunda, Aronia arbutifolia x A. melanocarpa)

Artemisia campestris — seaside wormwood

Asclepias amplexicaulis — clasping milkweed — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Asclepias exaltata — tall milkweed

Asclepias incarnata ssp. pulchra — downy swamp milkweed

Asclepias purpurascens — purple milkweed — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Asclepias quadrifolia — four-leaved milkweed

Asclepias syriaca — common milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa — butterfly milkweed — Watch-Listed

Asclepias verticillata — whorled milkweed — Threatened

Asplenium platyneuron — ebony spleenwort

Asplenium trichomanes — maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Aster: see Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oclemena, Symphyotrichum

Athyrium angustum — northern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum)

Athyrium asplenioides — southern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Atriplex cristata — seabeach orache (Atriplex pentandra, A. arenaria)

Atriplex glabriuscula — prostrate orache — Watch-Listed

Atriplex littoralis — seaside orache (Atriplex patula var. littoralis)

Atriplex prostrata — halberd-leaf orache

Atriplex subspicata — saline orache (Atriplex patula var. subspicata) — Historic

Aureolaria flava — smooth false foxglove (Gerardia flava)

Aureolaria pedicularia — fernleaf yellow false foxglove (Gerardia pedicularia)

Aureolaria virginica — downy false foxglove (Gerardia virginica)

Baccharis halimifolia — sea-myrtle

Baptisia tinctoria — yellow wild indigo, horsefly weed

Bartonia paniculata — panickled screwstem — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Bartonia virginica — screwstem

Benthamidia florida — flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)

Betula alleghaniensis — yellow birch (Betula lutea)

Betula lenta — sweet birch, cherry birch, black birch

Betula papyrifera — paper birch

Betula papyrifera × B. populifolia — paper birch x gray birch — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Betula populifolia — gray birch

Bidens beckii — water marigold (Megalodonta beckii) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Bidens cernua — nodding bur-marigold

Bidens connata — swamp beggar-ticks

Bidens discoidea — small beggar-ticks

Bidens frondosa — beggar-ticks

Bidens hyperborea — estuary beggar-ticks — Endangered

Bidens laevis — smooth marigold

Bidens trichosperma — northern tickseed sunflower (Bidens coronata)

Bidens vulgata — tall beggar-ticks

Boechera canadensis — sickle-pod (Arabis canadensis)

Boehmeria cylindrica — false nettle, bog hemp

Bolboschoenus maritimus — seaside bulrush (Scirpus maritimus, S. paludosus var. atlanticus)

Bolboschoenus maritimus × B. robustus — seaside bulrush x saltmarsh bulrush

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae — long-spiked bulrush (Scirpus novae-angliae, S. cylindricus) — Watch-Listed

Bolboschoenus robustus — saltmarsh bulrush (Scirpus robustus)

Botrychium angustisegmentum — narrow-triangle grapefern (Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Botrychium dissectum — dissected grapefern

Botrychium matricariifolium — daisy-leaf moonwort — Watch-Listed

Botrychium multifidum — leathery grape-fern — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Botrychium oneidense — blunt-lobed grapefern — Watch-Listed

Botrychium tenebrosum — swamp moonwort (Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum) — Watch-Listed

Botrychium virginianum — rattlesnake fern

Brachyelytrum aristosum — woodgrass (Brachyelytrum septentrionale, B. erectum var. septentrionale)

Brachyelytrum erectum — awned woodgrass, bearded shorthusk — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Brasenia schreberi — watershield

Bromus ciliatus — fringed brome (Bromus canadensis)

Bromus pubescens — woodland brome or Canada brome — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Bulbostylis capillaris — tufted hairsedge

Cakile edentula — sea rocket

Calamagrostis canadensis — Canada bluejoint

Calamagrostis cinnoides — reed bluejoint (Calamagrostis coarctata)

Calamagrostis pickeringii — Pickering's reedgrass — Endangered

Calla palustris — water-arum

Callitriche heterophylla — variable water-starwort

Calopogon tuberosus — grass-pink — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Caltha palustris — marsh marigold

Calystegia sepium ssp. americana — wild morning glory (Convolvulus sepium var. americanus)

Campanula aparinoides — marsh bellflower (Campanula uliginosa) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Capnoides sempervirens — pale corydalis or rock-harlequin (Corydalis sempervirens)

Cardamine longii — Long's bittercress — Endangered

Cardamine parviflora — narrow-leaved bittercress

Cardamine pensylvanica — common or Pennsylvania bittercress

Carex abscondita — concealed sedge — Watch-Listed

Carex aestivalis — summer sedge — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex alata — winged sedge

Carex albicans var. emmonsii — Emmons' sedge (Carex emmonsii)

Carex annectens — yellow-fruited fox sedge

Carex appalachica — Appalachian sedge, spreading star sedge

Carex argyrantha — silvery sedge

Carex atlantica ssp. atlantica — Atlantic prickly sedge

Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea — threadstem sedge (Carex howei)

Carex bebbii — Bebb's broom sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Carex billingsii — three-seeded bog sedge (Carex trisperma var. billingsii)

Carex blanda — woodland sedge

Carex brevior — short fescue sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Carex bromoides — brome-like sedge

Carex brunnescens — brownish sedge

Carex bullata — button sedge

Carex buxbaumii — Buxbaum's sedge — Watch-Listed

Carex canescens ssp. disjuncta — silvery bog sedge

Carex cephalophora — oval-headed sedge

Carex communis — common sedge

Carex comosa — bristly sedge

Carex conoidea — field sedge

Carex crawfordii — Crawford's sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Carex crinita — fringed sedge

Carex cryptolepis — small yellow sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex cumulata — crowded sedge

Carex debilis var. rudgei — northern stalked sedge

Carex digitalis — slender wood sedge

Carex echinata — prickly sedge (Carex angustior, C. cephalantha)

Carex exilis — bog sedge, meagre sedge — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Carex folliculata — long-culmed sedge

Carex gracillima — slender drooping sedge

Carex gynandra — northern awned sedge (Carex crinita var. gynandra)

Carex haydenii — Hayden's sedge — Watch-Listed

Carex hormathodes — saltmarsh straw sedge

Carex intumescens — bladder or swamp sedge

Carex lacustris — marsh sedge, lakeside sedge

Carex laevivaginata — smoothed-sheath sedge

Carex lasiocarpa ssp. americana — slender woolly-fruited sedge (Carex lanuginosa)

Carex laxiculmis — spreading woodland sedge

Carex laxiflora — loose-flowered woodland sedge

Carex leptalea — delicate sedge

Carex leptonervia — one-nerved woodland sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex limosa — mud sedge — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex longii — Long's sedge

Carex lucorum — long-beaked Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica var. distans)

Carex lupulina — hop sedge

Carex lurida — sallow sedge

Carex merritt-fernaldii — Fernald's sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Carex muhlenbergii — Muhlenberg's sedge

Carex muhlenbergii var. enervis — smooth Muhlenberg's sedge

Carex nigra — black sedge

Carex normalis — big straw sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex oligosperma — fewfruited sedge — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Carex paleacea — saltmarsh sedge

Carex pallescens — pale sedge

Carex pellita — broad-leaved woolly-fruited sedge (Carex lanuginosa)

Carex pensylvanica — Pennsylvania sedge

Carex polymorpha — variable sedge — Endangered

Carex projecta — beaded or necklace broom sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex pseudocyperus — galingale sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex retroflexa — reflexed sedge

Carex rosea — big star sedge (Carex convoluta)

Carex scabrata — eastern rough sedge

Carex scoparia — broom sedge

Carex seorsa — swamp prickly sedge

Carex silicea — seabeach sedge

Carex stipata — awl-fruited sedge

Carex straminea — straw sedge

Carex striata — Walter's sedge (Carex walteriana) — Endangered

Carex stricta — tussock sedge

Carex swanii — Swan's sedge

Carex tenera — slender straw sedge

Carex tonsa — stiff-leaved sand sedge, shaved sedge (Carex rugosperma var. tonsa)

Carex tonsa var. rugosperma — sand sedge (Carex rugosperma var. rugosperma, C. umbellata sensu Fern.)

Carex tribuloides — blunt broom sedge

Carex umbellata — parasol sedge — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Carex utriculata — swollen-beak sedge (Carex rostrata var. utriculata)

Carex vesicaria — inflated sedge

Carex vestita — velvet-fruited sedge

Carex virescens — ribbed sedge

Carex viridula — little green sedge — Watch-Listed

Carex vulpinoidea — fox sedge (Carex setacea)

Carex ×olneyi (Carex bullata × C. lurida) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Carpinus caroliniana — ironwood, hornbeam

Carya cordiformis — bitternut hickory, swamp hickory

Carya glabra — pignut hickory

Carya ovata — shagbark hickory

Carya tomentosa — mockernut hickory (Carya alba)

Castanea dentata — American chestnut

Castilleja coccinea — scarlet painted cup — Historic

Ceanothus americanus — New Jersey tea

Celastrus scandens — American bittersweet — Threatened (Status Changed after 2011)

Celtis occidentalis — common hackberry

Cenchrus longispinus — common sandbur

Cephalanthus occidentalis — common buttonbush

Cerastium arvense — field chickweed

Ceratophyllum demersum — hornwort, coontail

Ceratophyllum echinatum — forked coontail

Chamaecrista fasciculata — partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata)

Chamaecrista nictitans — wild sensitive plant (Cassia nictitans)

Chamaecyparis thyoides — Atlantic white cedar

Chamaedaphne calyculata — leatherleaf, cassandra (Cassandra calyculata var. angustifolia)

Chamaenerion angustifolium — great willowherb, fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium angustifolium)

Chamaepericlymenum canadense — bunchberry, dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis)

Chelone glabra — white turtlehead

Chenopodium berlandieri var. macrocalycium — seabeach pigweed (Chenopodium macrocalycium)

Chenopodium pratericola — white pigweed

Chenopodium rubrum — coast-blite, red goosefoot — Historic (Status Changed after 2011)

Chenopodium simplex — maple-leaf goosefoot (Chenopodium gigantospermum, C. hybridum var. gigantospermum) — Watch-Listed

Chimaphila maculata — striped pipsissewa, spotted wintergreen

Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica — pipsissewa

Chrysosplenium americanum — golden saxifrage, water-carpet

Cicuta bulbifera — bulblet water-hemlock

Cicuta maculata — water-hemlock

Cinna arundinacea — common woodreed

Circaea alpina — small enchanter's nightshade

Circaea canadensis — enchanter's nightshade (Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis, C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis)

Cirsium discolor — field thistle

Cirsium horridulum — yellow thistle — Watch-Listed

Cirsium muticum — swamp thistle

Cirsium pumilum — pasture thistle

Cladium mariscoides — twig-sedge

Clematis virginiana — virgin's-bower

Clethra alnifolia — sweet pepperbush

Clintonia borealis — bluebead lily

Comandra umbellata — bastard toadflax

Comarum palustre — marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Comptonia peregrina — sweetfern

Conopholis americana — squaw-root, cancer-root — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Conyza: see Erigeron

Coptis trifolia — three-leaf goldthread (Coptis groenlandica, C. trifolia ssp. groenlandica)

Corallorhiza maculata — spotted coralroot

Corallorhiza trifida — pale or early coralroot

Corema conradii — broom-crowberry — Watch-Listed

Coreopsis rosea — pink tickseed — Watch-Listed

Cornus: see Benthamidia, Chamaepericlymenum, Swida

Corydalis: see Capnoides

Corylus americana — American hazelnut

Corylus cornuta — beaked hazelnut

Crassula aquatica — shore pygmy-weed (Tillaea aquatica) — Threatened

Crataegus chrysocarpa — round-leaved hawthorn — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Crataegus coccinea — scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus pedicellata)

Crataegus macracantha — long-thorned hawthorn (Crataegus succulenta var. macracantha)

Crataegus macrosperma — large-seeded hawthorn (Crataegus roanensis)

Crataegus pruinosa — frosted hawthorn

Crocanthemum bicknellii — hoary rockrose (Helianthemum bicknellii)

Crocanthemum canadense — longbranch frostweed (Helianthemum canadense)

Crocanthemum dumosum — bushy rockrose (Helianthemum dumosum) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Crocanthemum propinquum — low frostweed, low rockrose (Helianthemum propinquum)

Crotalaria sagittalis — rattlebox

Cuscuta cephalanthi — buttonbush dodder

Cuscuta compacta — dense or compact dodder

Cuscuta coryli — pondshore dodder — Watch-Listed

Cuscuta gronovii — common dodder

Cuscuta indecora — collared dodder — Historic

Cyperus bipartitus — shining flatsedge (Cyperus rivularis)

Cyperus dentatus — pondshore flatsedge

Cyperus diandrus — red-edged flatsedge

Cyperus erythrorhizos — redroot flatsedge

Cyperus esculentus — yellow flatsedge

Cyperus filicinus — fern flatsedge (Cyperus polystachyos var. filicinus)

Cyperus grayi — Gray's flatsedge

Cyperus lupulinus ssp. lupulinus — slender sand flatsedge (Cyperus filiculmis var. filiculmis)

Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus — sand flatsedge (Cyperus filiculmis var. macilentus)

Cyperus odoratus — saltmarsh flatsedge (Cyperus ferruginescens) — Watch-Listed

Cyperus polystachyos — Texas flatsedge (Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis) — Watch-Listed

Cyperus strigosus — straw-colored flatsedge

Cypripedium acaule — pink lady's slipper

Cystopteris fragilis — fragile fern — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Cystopteris tenuis — MacKay's fragile fern or brittle fern (Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi)

Danthonia compressa — trail oatgrass

Danthonia spicata — wild oatgrass, poverty grass

Decodon verticillatus — swamp loosestrife, waterwillow

Dendrolycopodium hickeyi — Hickey's clubmoss (Lycopodium obscurum var. isophyllum, L. hickeyi) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Dendrolycopodium hickeyi × D. obscurum — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Dendrolycopodium obscurum — princess-pine or tree clubmoss (Lycopodium obscurum)

Dennstaedtia punctilobula — hayscented fern

Deparia acrostichoides — silvery spleenwort (Athyrium thelypteroides)

Deschampsia flexuosa — common hairgrass

Desmodium canadense — showy ticktrefoil

Desmodium ciliare — hairy small-leaved ticktrefoil

Desmodium marilandicum — Maryland or smooth small-leaved ticktrefoil

Desmodium obtusum — stiff tickrefoil (Desmodium rigidum)

Desmodium paniculatum — panicled ticktrefoil

Desmodium perplexum — Dillen's ticktrefoil (Desmodium dillenii) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Desmodium rotundifolium — prostrate ticktrefoil — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Desmodium sessilifolium — sessile-leaved ticktrefoil — Historic

Desmodium, more: see Hylodesmum

Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. columbianum — downy panic grass (Dichanthelium columbianum, Panicum columbianum)

Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. fasciculatum — fascicled panic grass (Dichanthelium acuminatum var. fasciculatum, Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum, P. subvillosum)

Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. implicatum — pondshore panic grass (Panicum meridionale, P. oricola)

Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. spretum — smooth panic grass (Dichanthelium spretum, Panicum spretum)

Dichanthelium boreale — northern panic grass (Panicum boreale)

Dichanthelium clandestinum — deertongue (Panicum clandestinum)

Dichanthelium commutatum — changeable panic grass (Panicum commutatum)

Dichanthelium depauperatum — depauperate panic grass (Panicum depauperatum)

Dichanthelium dichotomum — forked panic grass (Panicum dichotomum)

Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp. mattamuskeetense — Mattamuskeet panic grass (Dichanthelium mattamuskeetense, Panicum mattamuskeetense) — Endangered

Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp. microcarpon — tiny-fruited panic grass (Dichanthelium microcarpon, Panicum microcarpon)

Dichanthelium latifolium — broad-leaved panic grass (Panicum latifolium)

Dichanthelium linearifolium — linear-leaved panic grass (Panicum linearifolium)

Dichanthelium oligosanthes — Scribner's panic grass (Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum, Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum)

Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon — round-fruited panic grass

Dichanthelium wrightianum — Wright's panic grass (Panicum wrightianum) — Special Concern

Diervilla lonicera — bush-honeysuckle

Digitaria filiformis — slender crabgrass

Dioscorea villosa — wild yam — Watch-Listed

Diphasiastrum digitatum — southern ground-cedar (Lycopodium complanatum var. flabelliforme)

Diphasiastrum tristachyum — slender ground-cedar, wiry ground-cedar (Lycopodium tristachyum)

Distichlis spicata — seashore saltgrass

Doellingeria umbellata — tall flat-topped white aster (Aster umbellatus)

Drosera filiformis — threadleaf sundew

Drosera intermedia — spoonleaf or spatulate-leaf sundew

Drosera rotundifolia — roundleaf sundew

Dryopteris carthusiana — spinulose wood fern (Dryopteris spinulosa)

Dryopteris cristata — crested wood fern

Dryopteris intermedia — intermediate wood fern (Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia)

Dryopteris marginalis — marginal wood fern

Dryopteris ×boottii — Boott's wood fern (Dryopteris cristata × D. intermedia)

Dryopteris ×slossoniae — Slosson's wood fern (Dryopteris cristata × D. marginalis)

Dryopteris ×triploidea — triploid wood fern (Dryopteris carthusiana × D. intermedia) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Dryopteris ×uliginosa — swamp wood fern (Dryopteris carthusiana × D. cristata) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Dulichium arundinaceum — three-way sedge

Echinochloa muricata — small-spiked cockspur — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Echinochloa muricata — cockspur grass, barnyard grass

Echinochloa walterii — Walter's cockspur

Echinocystis lobata — wild cucumber, prickly cucumber

Elatine americana — American waterwort (Elatine triandra var. americana) — Endangered

Elatine minima — lesser waterwort

Eleocharis acicularis — needle spike-rush

Eleocharis elliptica — orange-fruited spike-rush

Eleocharis engelmannii — Engelmann's spike-rush — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Eleocharis flavescens var. olivacea — olive spike-rush (Eleocharis olivacea)

Eleocharis melanocarpa — black-fruited spike-rush — Watch-Listed

Eleocharis obtusa — soft-stemmed spike-rush

Eleocharis ovata — ovate spike-rush (Eleocharis obtusa var. ovata) — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Eleocharis palustris — marsh spike-rush (Eleocharis smallii)

Eleocharis parvula — dwarf spike-rush

Eleocharis robbinsii — Robbins' spike-rush

Eleocharis rostellata — saltmarsh spikerush, beaked spikerush — Watch-Listed

Eleocharis tenuis — slender spike-rush

Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera — slender spike-rush (Eleocharis capitata var. pseudoptera, E. elliptica var. pseudoptera) — Historic

Eleocharis tuberculosa — tubercled spike-rush

Eleocharis uniglumis — saline spike-rush, one-glumed spike-rush (Eleocharis halophila)

Elodea canadensis — northern waterweed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Elodea nuttallii — Nuttall's waterweed

Elymus canadensis — Canada wild rye — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Elymus hystrix — bottlebrush grass (Hystrix patula)

Elymus villosus — hairy wild rye — Endangered

Elymus virginicus var. virginicus — wild rye

Elymus virginicus var. halophilus — saltmarsh wild rye

Epifagus virginiana — beech-drops

Epigaea repens — trailing arbutus, mayflower

Epilobium ciliatum — glandular willowherb (Epilobium glandulosum var. adenocaulon)

Epilobium coloratum — eastern willowherb, purple-leaved willowherb

Epilobium leptophyllum — narrow-leaved willowherb

Epilobium palustre — marsh willowherb

Epilobium strictum — downy willowherb

Epilobium, more: see Chamaenerion

Equisetum arvense — field horsetail, common horsetail

Equisetum fluviatile — river horsetail

Equisetum hyemale — scouring rush

Equisetum sylvaticum — woodland horsetail

Eragrostis capillaris — lace lovegrass — Watch-Listed

Eragrostis pectinacea — tufted lovegrass

Eragrostis spectabilis — purple lovegrass

Erechtites hieraciifolius — fireweed, pilewort

Erechtites hieraciifolius var. megalocarpus — seaside pilewort (Erechtites megalocarpus) — Watch-Listed

Erigeron annuus — eastern daisy fleabane

Erigeron canadensis — horseweed, hogweed (Conyza canadensis, Conyza canadensis var. pusilla)

Erigeron philadelphicus — Philadelphia fleabane

Erigeron pulchellus — robin's plantain fleabane

Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus — rough fleabane (Erigeron strigosus var. beyrichii, E. strigosus var. discoideus)

Eriocaulon aquaticum — pipewort, white buttons (Eriocaulon septangulare)

Eriocaulon parkeri — Parker's pipewort — Endangered

Eriophorum tenellum — rough cotton-grass

Eriophorum vaginatum — hare's tail cotton-grass (Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum, E. spissum)

Eriophorum virginicum — Virginia cotton-grass

Eriophorum viridicarinatum — fen cotton-grass — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Erythronium americanum — trout-lily

Eubotrys racemosa — swamp sweetbells (Leucothoe racemosa)

Eupatorium hyssopifolium — hyssop-leaved boneset

Eupatorium novae-angliae — New England boneset, pondshore boneset (Eupatorium leucolepis var. novae-angliae) — Endangered

Eupatorium perfoliatum — boneset, thoroughwort

Eupatorium pilosum — rough boneset, verbena boneset (Eupatorium rotundifolium var. saundersii)

Eupatorium pubescens — hairy boneset (Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum)

Eupatorium sessilifolium — upland boneset

Eupatorium, more: see Ageratina, Eutrochium

Euphorbia maculata — spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata, Euphorbia supina)

Euphorbia polygonifolia — seaside spurge (Chamaesyce polygonifolia)

Eurybia divaricata — white wood aster (Aster divaricatus)

Eurybia macrophylla — large-leaved aster (Aster macrophyllus)

Eurybia radula — rough aster (Aster radula) — Watch-Listed

Eurybia spectabilis — showy aster (Aster spectabilis)

Eurybia ×herveyi — cartpath aster (Eurybia macrophylla × E. spectabilis, Aster ×herveyi)

Euthamia caroliniana — coastal plain slender goldenrod (Euthamia tenuifolia, Solidago tenuifolia)

Euthamia graminifolia — common flat-topped goldenrod (Solidago graminifolia)

Eutrochium dubium — Atlantic Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium dubium)

Eutrochium fistulosum — hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum)

Eutrochium purpureum — sweet Joe-Pye-weed (Eupatorium purpureum)

Fagus grandifolia — American beech

Fallopia cilinodis — fringed bindweed (Polygonum cilinode)

Fallopia cristata — winged bindweed (Polygonum scandens var. cristatum, P. cristatum)

Fallopia scandens — climbing false buckwheat (Polygonum scandens)

Festuca rubra ssp. pruinosa — coastal red fescue

Festuca subverticillata — nodding fescue (Festuca obtusa)

Fimbristylis autumnalis — northern fimbry

Fragaria virginiana — wild strawberry

Fraxinus americana — white ash

Fraxinus nigra — black ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica — green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima)

Fuirena pumila — annual umbrella-sedge — Watch-Listed

Galium aparine — cleavers

Galium asprellum — rough bedstraw

Galium circaezans — wild licorice

Galium lanceolatum — lanceleaf bedstraw — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Galium obtusum — bluntleaf marsh bedstraw or large marsh bedstraw

Galium palustre — common marsh bedstraw

Galium pilosum — hairy bedstraw

Galium tinctorium — Clayton's marsh bedstraw

Galium trifidum — three-lobed bedstraw — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Galium triflorum — woodland bedstraw

Gamochaeta purpurea — purple cudweed — Endangered

Gaultheria hispidula — creeping snowberry

Gaultheria procumbens — wintergreen, checkerberry, eastern teaberry

Gaylussacia baccata — black huckleberry

Gaylussacia bigeloviana — bog huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa var. bigeloviana)

Gaylussacia frondosa — blue huckleberry, dangleberry

Gentiana andrewsii — Andrews' bottle gentian — Endangered

Gentiana clausa — bottle gentian — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Gentianopsis crinita — fringed gentian (Gentiana crinita)

Geranium bicknellii — Bicknell's cranesbill — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Geranium carolinianum — Carolina cranesbill

Geranium maculatum — wild geranium

Geranium robertianum — herb-Robert

Gerardia: see Agalinis, Aureolaria

Geum canadense — white avens

Geum laciniatum — rough avens, floodplain avens — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Geum rivale — purple avens — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Geum virginianum — cream-colored avens — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Glaux: see Lysimachia

Glyceria acutiflora — sharp-scaled mannagrass

Glyceria borealis — northern mannagrass — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Glyceria canadensis — rattlesnake grass

Glyceria grandis — tall mannagrass (Glyceria maxima ssp. grandis)

Glyceria obtusa — coastal mannagrass

Glyceria septentrionalis — eastern floatgrass

Glyceria striata — fowlmeadow grass

Glyceria, more: see Torreyochloa

Gnaphalium uliginosum — low cudweed

Gnaphalium, more: see Anaphalis, Pseudognaphalium

Goodyera pubescens — downy rattlesnake-plantain

Goodyera tesselata — checkered rattlesnake-plantain

Gratiola aurea — golden hedgehyssop

Gratiola neglecta — mud or clammy hedgehyssop

Habenaria: see Platanthera

Hamamelis virginiana — American witch-hazel

Hedeoma pulegioides — American pennyroyal (Melissa pulegioides) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Helianthemum: see Crocanthemum

Helianthus divaricatus — woodland sunflower

Helianthus strumosus — harsh sunflower

Hepatica: see Anemone

Heracleum maximum — cow parsnip (Heracleum lanatum)

Hibiscus moscheutos — swamp mallow (Hibiscus palustris)

Hieracium gronovii — Gronovius' hawkweed

Hieracium paniculatum — woodland hawkweed

Hieracium scabrum — rough hawkweed

Hieracium umbellatum — Canada hawkweed (Hieracium canadense, H. kalmii)

Hieracium venosum — rattlesnake weed

Hieracium ×marianum — Maryland hawkweed (Hieracium gronovii × H. venosum)

Hierochloe: see Anthoxanthum

Honckenya peploides ssp. robusta — seabeach sandwort (Arenaria peploides var. robusta)

Hottonia inflata — featherfoil — Watch-Listed

Houstonia caerulea — bluets (Hedyotis caerulea)

Houstonia longifolia — long-leaved bluets (Houstonia purpurea var. longifolia, Hedyotis longifolia) — Endangered

Hudsonia ericoides — pinebarren golden heather

Hudsonia ericoides × H. tomentosa — pinebarren golden heather × woolly beach heather

Hudsonia tomentosa — woolly beach heather

Huperzia lucidula — shining clubmoss (Lycopodium lucidulum)

Hydrocotyle americana — swamp pennywort, woodland pennywort

Hydrocotyle umbellata — pondshore pennywort

Hylodesmum glutinosum — cluster-leaved ticktrefoil (Desmodium glutinosum)

Hylodesmum nudiflorum — naked ticktrefoil (Desmodium nudiflorum)

Hypericum boreale — northern dwarf St. John's-wort

Hypericum canadense — Canadian St. John's-wort

Hypericum ellipticum — pale St. John's-wort

Hypericum gentianoides — orange grass, pineweed

Hypericum majus — larger Canadian St. John's-wort

Hypericum mutilum — dwarf St. John's-wort

Hypericum punctatum — spotted St. John's-wort

Hypericum, more: see Triadenum

Hypericum ×dissimulatum — Bicknell's St. John's-wort (Hypericum boreale x H. canadense)

Hypopitys monotropa — pinesap, false beechdrops (Monotropa hypopithys)

Hypoxis hirsuta — yellow stargrass

Ilex glabra — inkberry

Ilex laevigata — smooth winterberry

Ilex mucronata — catberry (Nemopanthus mucronatus)

Ilex opaca — American holly

Ilex verticillata — common winterberry

Impatiens capensis — jewelweed

Ionactis linariifolia — stiff aster, spruce aster (Aster linariifolius)

Iris prismatica — slender blueflag — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Iris versicolor — northern blueflag

Isoetes acadiensis — Acadian quillwort — Endangered

Isoetes echinospora — spiny-spored quillwort

Isoetes engelmannii — Engelmann's quillwort

Isoetes riparia var. canadensis (Isoetes canadensis) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Isoetes tuckermanii — Tuckerman's quillwort

Isoetes ×novae-angliae — New England quillwort (Isoetes riparia var. canadensis × I. tuckermanii) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Isotria verticillata — large whorled pogonia — Watch-Listed

Iva frutescens — hightide bush, saltmarsh elder (Iva frutescens ssp. oraria)

Juglans cinerea — butternut — Watch-Listed

Juncus acuminatus — sharp-fruited rush

Juncus anthelatus — Wiegand's rush (Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus)

Juncus arcticus — brackish rush (Juncus balticus var. littoralis)

Juncus articulatus — jointed rush

Juncus bufonius — toad rush

Juncus canadensis — marsh or Canada rush

Juncus dichotomus — forked rush (Juncus platyphyllus)

Juncus effusus — common rush (Juncus effusus var. solutus)

Juncus gerardii — saltmarsh rush

Juncus greenei — Greene's rush

Juncus marginatus — grassleaf rush

Juncus militaris — bayonet rush

Juncus pelocarpus — pondshore rush

Juncus pylaei — Pylaie's soft rush (Juncus effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. costulatus)

Juncus secundus — secund rush

Juncus tenuis — path rush, yard rush

Juniperus communis var. depressa — common juniper, pasture juniper

Juniperus virginiana — eastern red cedar

Kalmia angustifolia — sheep laurel

Kalmia latifolia — mountain laurel

Krigia virginica — dwarf dandelion

Lachnanthes caroliana — redroot — Special Concern

Lactuca biennis — wild blue lettuce

Lactuca canadensis — yellow wild lettuce

Lactuca hirsuta — hairy lettuce — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Lactuca ×morssii — Morss' wild lettuce (Lactuca biennis × L. canadensis)

Larix laricina — tamarack, American larch

Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus — beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus var. pellitus)

Lathyrus palustris — vetchling, marsh pea — Watch-Listed

Lechea intermedia — largepod pinweed

Lechea maritima — beach pinweed

Lechea minor — thymeleaf pinweed — Watch-Listed

Lechea mucronata — hairy pinweed (Lechea villosa)

Lechea pulchella var. pulchella — Leggett's pinweed (Lechea leggettii)

Lechea tenuifolia — slender pinweed

Leersia oryzoides — rice cutgrass

Leersia virginica — white cutgrass

Lemna minor — common duckweed

Lemna perpusilla — tiny duckweed — Historic

Lemna valdiviana — pale duckweed — Historic

Lepidium virginicum — Virginia pepperweed

Lespedeza angustifolia — narrow-leaved bush-clover — Watch-Listed

Lespedeza capitata — round-headed bush-clover

Lespedeza hirta — hairy bush-clover

Lespedeza procumbens — trailing bush-clover — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Lespedeza stuevei — Stueve's bush-clover — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Lespedeza violacea — wand bush-clover (Lespedeza intermedia)

Lespedeza virginica — slender bush-clover

Lespedeza ×brittonii — Britton's bush-clover (Lespedeza procumbens × L. virginica)

Lespedeza ×nuttallii — Nuttall's bush-clover (Lespedeza hirta × L. violacea)

Liatris novae-angliae — New England blazing star (Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, L. borealis) — Special Concern

Ligusticum scothicum — Scotch lovage, sea lovage

Lilaeopsis chinensis — lilaeopsis — Watch-Listed

Lilium canadense — Canada lily, wild yellow lily

Lilium philadelphicum — wood lily

Lilium superbum — Turk's cap lily

Limonium carolinianum — sea lavender

Limosella australis — Atlantic mudwort (Limosella subulata) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Lindera benzoin — spicebush

Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea — false pimpernel (Lindernia anagallidea)

Lindernia dubia var. dubia — false pimpernel (Lindernia dubia var. riparia, L. dubia var. inundata)

Linnaea borealis — twinflower — Special Concern (Status Changed after 2011)

Linum intercursum — sandplain flax — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Linum medium var. texanum — Texan flax — Threatened

Linum striatum — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Linum virginianum — Virginia yellow flax

Liparis loeselii — green twayblade — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Lipocarpha micrantha — dwarf bulrush (Hemicarpha micrantha) — Threatened

Lobelia cardinalis — cardinalflower

Lobelia dortmanna — water lobelia

Lobelia inflata — Indian tobacco

Lobelia spicata — pale spiked lobelia

Lonicera villosa — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Ludwigia alternifolia — seedbox, squarepod — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Ludwigia palustris — water purslane, mud loosestrife (Ludwigia palustris var. americana)

Ludwigia sphaerocarpa — round-fruited seedbox — Endangered

Lupinus perennis — wild lupine — Watch-Listed

Luzula echinata — hedgehog woodrush — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Luzula multiflora — common woodrush

Lycopodiella appressa — southern bog clubmoss (Lycopodium appressum, L. inundatum var. bigelovii)

Lycopodiella inundata — northern bog clubmoss (Lycopodium inundatum)

Lycopodiella ×copelandii — Copeland's clubmoss or bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella alopecuroides × L. appressa)

Lycopodiella ×gilmanii — hybrid bog clubmoss — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Lycopodium clavatum — running clubmoss, common clubmoss

Lycopodium, more: see Dendrolycopodium, Diphasiastrum, Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Spinulum

Lycopus americanus — American water-horehound

Lycopus amplectens — pondshore water-horehound, sessile water-horehound — Watch-Listed

Lycopus rubellus — stalked water horehound, swamp water horehound — Endangered

Lycopus uniflorus — tuberous water-horehound

Lycopus virginicus — Virginia water-horehound, floodplain water-horehound

Lygodium palmatum — climbing fern — Special Concern

Lyonia ligustrina — maleberry

Lysimachia borealis — American starflower (Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis)

Lysimachia ciliata — fringed loosestrife

Lysimachia hybrida — narrow-leaved loosestrife

Lysimachia maritima — sea milkwort (Glaux maritima)

Lysimachia quadrifolia — whorled loosestrife

Lysimachia terrestris — swamp candles

Lysimachia thyrsiflora — tufted loosestrife

Lysimachia ×producta — whorled loosestrife x swamp candles (Lysimachia quadrifolia × L. terrestris)

Maianthemum canadense — Canada mayflower

Maianthemum racemosum — false Solomon's seal (Smilacina racemosa)

Maianthemum stellatum — starry Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata)

Maianthemum trifolium — three-leaved false Solomon's seal (Smilacina trifolia) — Watch-Listed

Malaxis unifolia — green adder's mouth — Threatened (Status Changed after 2011) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Matteuccia struthiopteris — ostrich fern — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Medeola virginiana — Indian cucumber-root

Melampyrum lineare — cowwheat (Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium, M. lineare var. pectinatum, M. lineare var. americanum)

Mentha canadensis — American field mint (Mentha arvensis var. villosa)

Menyanthes trifoliata — bogbeans

Mertensia maritima — oysterleaf — Endangered

Micranthes pensylvanica — swamp saxifrage (Saxifraga pensylvanica)

Micranthes virginiensis — early saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis)

Mikania scandens — climbing hempvine

Mimulus ringens — long-stalked monkey-flower

Mitchella repens — partridgeberry

Moehringia lateriflora — grove sandwort (Arenaria lateriflora)

Moneses uniflora — one-flowered shinleaf — Special Concern (Status Changed after 2011)

Monotropa uniflora — Indian pipe

Morella pensylvancia — bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica)

Muhlenbergia capillaris — hairgrass — Historic

Muhlenbergia frondosa — wirestem muhly

Muhlenbergia glomerata — marsh muhly

Muhlenbergia mexicana — satingrass

Muhlenbergia schreberi — nimblewill

Muhlenbergia sobolifera — awnless woodland muhly — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Muhlenbergia uniflora — pondshore muhly

Myosotis laxa — smaller forget-me-not

Myosotis verna — early or spring scorpion-grass

Myrica gale — sweet gale

Myrica pensylvanica: see Morella

Myriophyllum humile — lowly watermilfoil

Myriophyllum pinnatum — pinnate watermilfoil (Myriophyllum scabratum) — Special Concern

Myriophyllum tenellum — leafless watermilfoil

Nabalus altissimus — tall rattlesnake root (Prenanthes altissima) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Nabalus serpentarius — lion's foot, rattlesnake root (Prenanthes serpentaria) — Endangered

Nabalus trifoliolatus — gall-of-the-earth (Prenanthes trifoliolata)

Najas flexilis — common naiad

Najas gracillima — slender naiad

Nemopanthus: see Ilex

Nuphar variegata — yellow waterlily, spatterdock

Nuttallanthus canadensis — blue toadflax, old-field toadflax (Linaria canadensis)

Nymphaea odorata — American white waterlily, fragrant waterlily

Nymphoides cordata — floating heart

Nyssa sylvatica — tupelo, black gum

Oclemena acuminata — whorled wood aster (Aster acuminatus)

Oclemena nemoralis — bog aster (Aster nemoralis) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Oclemena ×blakei — Blake's aster (Aster ×blakei, Oclemena acuminata x O. nemoralis)

Oenothera biennis — common evening primrose

Oenothera oakesiana — Oakes' evening primrose (Oenothera cruciata var. stenopetala, O. parviflora var. oakesiana)

Oenothera parviflora — small-flowered evening primrose

Oenothera perennis — little sundrops

Onoclea sensibilis — sensitive fern

Ophioglossum pusillum — adder's tongue fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pseudopodum) — Threatened

Orobanche uniflora — one-flowered cancer-root, ghost pipe

Orontium aquaticum — golden club — Endangered

Orthilia secunda — one-sided shinleaf (Pyrola secunda) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Oryzopsis asperifolia — spreading ricegrass

Oryzopsis pungens: see Piptatherum

Osmorhiza longistylis — aniseroot

Osmunda claytoniana — interrupted fern

Osmunda regalis — royal fern

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum — cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)

Ostrya virginiana — eastern hop-hornbeam

Oxalis dillenii ssp. dillenii — showy yellow woodsorrel

Oxalis dillenii ssp. filipes — smooth yellow wood sorrel (Oxalis filipes, O. florida) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Oxalis stricta — common yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis europaea, O. fontana)

Packera aurea — golden ragwort (Senecio aureus)

Packera paupercula — balsam ragwort (Senecio pauperculus)

Panax trifolius — dwarf ginseng

Panicum capillare — witchgrass

Panicum dichotomiflorum — fall panic grass

Panicum dichotomiflorum var. puritanorum — Swenson's panic grass

Panicum philadelphicum — Philadelphia panic grass — Special Concern

Panicum rigidulum ssp. rigidulum — flat-stemmed panic grass (Panicum agrostoides, Coleataenia longifolia ssp. rigidula)

Panicum rigidulum subsp. pubescens — long-leaved panic grass (Panicum longifolium, Coleataenia longifolia ssp. longifolia) — Threatened

Panicum verrucosum — warty panic grass

Panicum virgatum — switchgrass (Panicum virgatum var. spissum, P. virgatum var. cubense)

Parathelypteris noveboracensis — New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)

Parathelypteris simulata — Massachusetts fern (Thelypteris simulata)

Paronychia canadensis — forked chickweed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Parthenocissus quinquefolia — Virginia creeper

Parthenocissus vitacea — thicket creeper, grape woodbine (Parthenocissus inserta)

Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii — Muhlenberg's bead grass

Paspalum setaceum var. psammophilum — sand bead grass (Paspalum psammophilum) — Watch-Listed

Paspalum setaceum var. setaceum — small-fruited bead grass — Watch-Listed

Pedicularis canadensis — wood-betony, Canadian lousewort, common lousewort

Peltandra virginica — arrow-arum

Penthorum sedoides — ditch stonecrop

Persicaria amphibia — erect water smartweed (Polygonum amphibium var. emersum, P. coccineum)

Persicaria arifolia — halberdleaf tearthumb (Polygonum arifolium var. pubescens)

Persicaria careyi — Carey's smartweed (Polygonum careyi)

Persicaria hydropiperoides — false water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiperoides)

Persicaria lapathifolia — nodding smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium)

Persicaria pensylvanica — pinkweed, Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)

Persicaria punctata — dotted smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)

Persicaria puritanorum — pondshore smartweed (Polygonum puritanorum) — Special Concern

Persicaria robustior — big water-smartweed, coarse smartweed (Polygonum robustius, P. punctatum var. majus)

Persicaria sagittata — arrowleaf tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum)

Persicaria setacea — swamp smartweed (Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum) — Threatened

Persicaria virginiana — jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum, Tovara virginiana) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Phegopteris connectilis — narrow beech fern (Thelypteris phegopteris)

Phegopteris hexagonoptera — broad beech fern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera)

Physalis grisea — strawberry-tomato (Physalis pruinosa auct. non L., P. pubescens var. grisea)

Physalis heterophylla — clammy ground-cherry

Phytolacca americana — pokeweed

Picea mariana — black spruce

Pilea pumila — clearweed, richweed

Pinus rigida — pitch pine

Pinus strobus — white pine

Piptatherum pungens — little ricegrass (Oryzopsis pungens)

Piptochaetium avenaceum — black oatgrass (Stipa avenacea) — Watch-Listed

Pityopsis falcata — sickle-leaved golden aster (Chrysopsis falcata)

Plantago intermedia — saltmarsh plantain (Plantago major var. intermedia, P. major var. scopulorum)

Plantago maritima — seaside plantain (Plantago oliganthos, P. juncoides var. decipiens)

Plantago pusilla — dwarf plantain — Watch-Listed

Plantago rugelii — American plantain

Platanthera blephariglottis — white fringed orchid (Habenaria blephariglottis) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Platanthera ciliaris — yellow or orange fringed orchid (Habenaria ciliaris) — Historic

Platanthera clavellata — green woodland orchid (Habenaria clavellata)

Platanthera flava var. herbiola — pale green orchid (Habenaria flava var. herbiola) — Threatened

Platanthera grandiflora — large purple fringed orchid (Habenaria fimbriata) — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Platanthera lacera — ragged fringed orchid (Habenaria lacera)

Platanthera macrophylla — large round-leaved orchid (Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla, Habenaria macrophylla) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Platanthera orbiculata — round-leaved orchid (Habenaria orbiculata) — Watch-Listed

Platanthera psycodes — small purple-fringed orchid (Habenaria psycodes)

Platanus occidentalis — sycamore or American plane tree

Pluchea odorata var. succulenta — saltmarsh fleabane

Poa palustris — fowl-meadow grass

Pogonia ophioglossoides — rose pogonia

Polygala cruciata — cross-leaved milkwort

Polygala nuttallii — Nuttall's milkwort — Watch-Listed

Polygala paucifolia — fringed polygala, flowering wintergreen — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Polygala polygama — racemed milkwort, bitter milkwort

Polygala sanguinea — purple milkwort, common milkwort

Polygala verticillata — whorled milkwort — Watch-Listed

Polygonatum pubescens — hairy Solomon's seal

Polygonella: see Polygonum articulatum

Polygonum articulatum — jointweed (Polygonella articulata)

Polygonum buxiforme — boxleaf knotweed (Polygonum aviculare var. littorale)

Polygonum erectum — erect knotweed

Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum — saltmarsh knotweed (Polygonum prolificum)

Polygonum ramosissimum var. ramosissimum — saltmarsh or bushy knotweed (Polygonum exsertum)

Polygonum tenue — rock knotweed — Watch-Listed

Polygonum, more: see Fallopia, Persicaria

Polypodium appalachianum — Appalachian polypody — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Polypodium virginianum — rockcap fern or common polypody

Polypodium ×incognitum — hybrid polypody (Polypodium appalachianum × P. virginianum)

Polystichum acrostichoides — Christmas fern

Pontederia cordata — pickerelweed

Populus grandidentata — bigtooth aspen

Populus tremuloides — trembling aspen

Potamogeton amplifolius — big-leaved pondweed

Potamogeton berchtoldii — Berchtold's pondweed, slender tiny pondweed (Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus)

Potamogeton bicupulatus — hairlike pondweed (Potamogeton capillaceus)

Potamogeton confervoides — alga pondweed — Threatened

Potamogeton epihydrus — surface pondweed, ribbonleaf pondweed

Potamogeton foliosus — leafy pondweed

Potamogeton gramineus — grassleaf pondweed

Potamogeton natans — floating pondweed

Potamogeton oakesianus — Oakes' pondweed

Potamogeton perfoliatus — clasping pondweed

Potamogeton pulcher — spotted pondweed

Potamogeton robbinsii — Robbins' pondweed

Potamogeton spirillus — northern snailseed pondweed

Potentilla canadensis — dwarf cinquefoil

Potentilla norvegica — three-finger, strawberryweed

Potentilla simplex — common cinquefoil

Potentilla, more: see Argentina, Comarum, Dasiphora, Sibbaldiopsis

Prenanthes: see Nabalus

Proserpinaca palustris — mermaid-weed

Proserpinaca pectinata — cut-leaved mermaid-weed

Proserpinaca ×intermedia (Proserpinaca palutris × P. pectinata) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata — American heal-all

Prunus maritima — beach plum

Prunus pensylvanica — pin cherry, fire cherry

Prunus serotina — black cherry

Prunus susquehanae — sand cherry (Prunus pumila var. susquehanae)

Prunus virginiana — chokecherry

Pseudognaphalium macounii — clammy cudweed (Gnaphalium macounii) — Watch-Listed

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium — sweet everlasting, fragrant cudweed (Gnaphalium obtusifolium)

Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum — bracken fern

Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum — pine barrens bracken fern — Watch-Listed

Ptilimnium capillaceum — Mock Bishop's weed

Puccinellia maritima — seaside alkali-grass

Puccinellia pumila — northern alkali-grass — Historic

Pycnanthemum incanum — hoary mountain mint

Pycnanthemum muticum — short-toothed mountain mint

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium — slender-leaved mountain mint

Pycnanthemum virginianum — Virginia mountain mint

Pyrola americana — round-leaved shinleaf, glossy shinleaf (Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana)

Pyrola chlorantha — green-flowered shinleaf (Pyrola virens)

Pyrola elliptica — elliptic shinleaf

Quercus alba — white oak

Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak

Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak

Quercus ilicifolia — scrub oak, bear oak

Quercus montana — chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)

Quercus prinoides — dwarf chestnut oak

Quercus rubra — northern red oak

Quercus velutina — black oak

Quercus ×saulii — Saul's oak (Quercus alba × Q. montana) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Ranunculus abortivus — kidney-leaved buttercup, small-flowered crowfoot

Ranunculus ambigens — American spearwort — Historic — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus — white water crowfoot

Ranunculus cymbalaria — seaside crowfoot

Ranunculus flabellaris — yellow water crowfoot

Ranunculus micranthus — small-flowered buttercup — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Ranunculus pensylvanicus — bristly buttercup — Special Concern

Ranunculus recurvatus — hooked crowfoot

Rhexia virginica — northern meadowbeauty, wingstem meadowpitchers

Rhododendron canadense — rhodora

Rhododendron periclymenoides — pink azalea (Rhododendron nudiflorum) — Watch-Listed

Rhododendron viscosum — swamp azalea

Rhus copallinum — flameleaf sumac, winged sumac

Rhus glabra — smooth sumac

Rhus hirta — staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina)

Rhus, more: see Toxicodendron

Rhynchospora alba — white beak-rush

Rhynchospora capitellata — brown beak-rush

Rhynchospora fusca — sooty beak-rush

Rhynchospora inundata — narrow-fruited beaksedge, inundated horned sedge — Threatened

Rhynchospora macrostachya — big-headed horned sedge

Rhynchospora nitens — short-beaked baldsedge — Threatened

Rhynchospora scirpoides — long-beaked baldsedge — Special Concern

Rhynchospora torreyana — Torrey's beaksedge — Endangered

Ribes americanum — American black currant — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Ribes hirtellum — swamp gooseberry

Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana — marsh yellowcress (Rorippa islandica ssp. fernaldiana)

Rorippa palustris var. hispida — marsh yellowcress (Rorippa islandica var. hispida) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Rosa carolina — Carolina rose, pasture rose

Rosa nitida — shiny rose, New England rose

Rosa palustris — swamp rose

Rosa virginiana — Virginia rose, low rose

Rotala ramosior — tooth-cup — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Rubus allegheniensis — Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry

Rubus arenicola — New England sand blackberry

Rubus argutus — serrate blackberry

Rubus enslenii — southern dewberry (Rubus sempervirens)

Rubus flagellaris — northern dewberry

Rubus flagellaris × R. frondosus — northern dewberry x leafy blackberry

Rubus frondosus — leafy blackberry — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Rubus hispidus — bristly dewberry

Rubus hispidus × R. semisetosus — bristly dewberry x bog blackberry

Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus — wild red raspberry (Rubus idaeus var. canadensis, R. strigosus, R. idaeus ssp. sachalinensis)

Rubus jaysmithii — Smith's blackberry

Rubus occidentalis — black raspberry

Rubus pensilvanicus — highbush blackberry

Rubus pubescens — swamp dewberry, dwarf raspberry

Rubus recurvicaulis — arching sand blackberry — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Rubus semisetosus — bog blackberry

Rubus semisetosus × R. setosus — bog blackberry x bristly blackberry

Rubus setosus — bristly blackberry

Rubus vermontanus — Vermont blackberry

Rumex britannica — great water dock (Rumex orbiculatus)

Rumex fueginus — golden dock (Rumex maritimus var. fueginus) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Rumex pallidus — seabeach dock, white dock — Threatened

Rumex verticillatus — swamp dock, water dock — Threatened

Ruppia maritima — ditch-grass, widgeon-grass

Sabatia campanulata — slender marsh-pink — Endangered

Sabatia kennedyana — Plymouth gentian — Special Concern

Sagittaria engelmanniana — acid-water arrowhead

Sagittaria filiformis — riffle arrowhead (Sagittaria stagnorum, S. subulata var. gracillima)

Sagittaria graminea var. graminea — grass leaf arrowhead

Sagittaria latifolia — common arrowhead

Sagittaria subulata — river arrowhead — Historic

Sagittaria teres — pondshore or terete arrowhead — Special Concern

Salicornia ambigua — perennial glasswort (Salicornia virginica auct. non L.)

Salicornia bigelovii — dwarf glasswort

Salicornia depressa — annual glasswort (Salicornia europaea auct. non L.)

Salix bebbiana — Bebb's willow

Salix discolor — large pussy willow

Salix eriocephala — heartleaf willow (Salix rigida, S. cordata)

Salix humilis — prairie willow, upland willow

Salix lucida — shining willow

Salix nigra — black willow

Salix occidentalis — dwarf upland willow (Salix humilis var. microphylla, S. tristis, S. humilis var. tristis)

Salix pedicellaris — bog willow — Watch-Listed

Salix petiolaris — slender willow, meadow willow (Salix gracilis)

Salix sericea — silky willow

Salix ×beschelii — Beschel's willow (Salix bebbiana × S. discolor) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Salix ×conifera — hybrid of pussy and upland willow (Salix discolor × humilis)

Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis — common elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)

Sambucus racemosa — red-berried elderberry (Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens)

Samolus valerandi — water pimpernel (Samolus parviflorus)

Sanicula canadensis — Canadian black snakeroot or Canadian sanicle — Threatened

Sanicula marilandica — black snakeroot — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Sarracenia purpurea — purple pitcherplant

Sassafras albidum — sassafras

Saxifraga: see Micranthes

Schizachyrium scoparium — little bluestem (Andropogon scoparium)

Schoenoplectus americanus — saltmarsh threesquare (Scirpus americanus, S. olneyi)

Schoenoplectus pungens — common threesquare (Scirpus pungens, S. americanus auct. non Pers.)

Schoenoplectus purshianus — Pursh's bulrush (Scirpus purshianus)

Schoenoplectus smithii — Smith's clubsedge (Scirpus smithii)

Schoenoplectus subterminalis — water bulrush, floating bulrush (Scirpus subterminalis)

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani — soft-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus tabernaemontani, S. validus)

Schoenoplectus torreyi — Torrey's bulrush (Scirpus torreyi) — Watch-Listed

Schwalbea americana — chaffseed — Endangered (Status Changed after 2011) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Scirpus atrocinctus — black-girdled woolsedge, dusky woolgrass

Scirpus cyperinus — common bulrush

Scirpus expansus — spreading bulrush — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Scirpus georgianus — black bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus)

Scirpus hattorianus — meadow bulrush

Scirpus longii — Long's bulrush — Endangered (Status Changed after 2011)

Scirpus microcarpus — red-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus rubrotinctus)

Scirpus, more: see Bolboschoenus, Schoenoplectus, Trichophorum

Scleria reticularis — pondshore nutsedge — Watch-Listed

Scleria triglomerata — tall net-sedge (Scleria nitida) — Endangered — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Scrophularia lanceolata — American figwort

Scutellaria galericulata — marsh scullcap, common scullcap

Scutellaria integrifolia — hyssop skullcap — Historic

Scutellaria lateriflora — mad-dog skullcap, blue skullcap

Selaginella apoda — meadow spikemoss

Selaginella rupestris — rock spikemoss — Watch-Listed

Senecio: see Packera

Senna hebecarpa — northern wild senna (Cassia hebecarpa) — Endangered

Sericocarpus asteroides — toothed white-topped aster (Aster paternus, A. asteroides, Conyza asteroides)

Sericocarpus linifolius — narrow-leaved white-topped aster (Conyza linifolia, Aster solidagineus)

Setaria parviflora — bristly foxtail (Setaria geniculata) — Special Concern

Sibbaldiopsis tridentata — three-toothed cinquefoil (Potentilla tridentata)

Sicyos angulatus — one-seeded burr cucumber

Silene antirrhina — sleepy catchfly

Silene caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica — Pennsylvania catchfly — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Sisyrinchium angustifolium — stout blue-eyed-grass

Sisyrinchium atlanticum — eastern blue-eyed-grass

Sisyrinchium montanum — meadow blue-eyed grass

Sium suave — water parsnip

Smilacina: see Maianthemum

Smilax glauca — sawbrier, wild sarsaparilla

Smilax herbacea — carrion-flower

Smilax rotundifolia — catbrier, bullbrier

Solanum ptychanthum — eastern black nightshade (Solanum americanum auct. non P. Miller)

Solidago aestivalis — sphagnum goldenrod (Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila)

Solidago altissima — tall goldenrod (Solidago canadensis var. scabra)

Solidago bicolor — silverrod, white goldenrod

Solidago caesia — wreath goldenrod, bluestem goldenrod

Solidago canadensis — Canada goldenrod

Solidago flexicaulis — zigzag goldenrod

Solidago gigantea — smooth goldenrod, late goldenrod

Solidago juncea — early goldenrod

Solidago latissimifolia — Elliott's goldenrod (Solidago elliottii var. ascendens)

Solidago nemoralis — gray goldenrod

Solidago odora — licorice goldenrod, sweet goldenrod

Solidago puberula — downy goldenrod

Solidago rugosa var. aspera — rough goldenrod, barrens goldenrod (Solidago aspera)

Solidago rugosa var. rugosa — rough-stemmed goldenrod (Solidago rugosa var. villosa, S. villosa)

Solidago sempervirens — seaside goldenrod

Solidago speciosa — showy goldenrod — Watch-Listed

Solidago uliginosa — swamp goldenrod (Solidago purshii)

Solidago ulmifolia — elm-leaf goldenrod

Solidago, more: see Euthamia

Solidago ×asperula — goldenrod (Solidago rugosa × S. sempervirens)

Sorghastrum nutans — Indian grass

Sparganium americanum — common bur-reed

Sparganium androcladum — shining bur-reed — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Sparganium emersum — green-fruited bur-reed (Sparganium chlorocarpum)

Sparganium eurycarpum — giant bur-reed

Spartina alterniflora — saltwater cordgrass

Spartina cynosuroides — big cordgrass — Threatened

Spartina patens — salt-hay

Spartina pectinata — freshwater or prairie cordgrass

Spartina ×caespitosa — tufted cordgrass (Spartina patens × S. pectinata) (Spartina patens × S. pectinata)

Spergularia canadensis — northern sandspurry — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Spergularia marina — saltmarsh sand spurrey (Spergularia salina)

Sphenopholis intermedia — slender wedgegrass (Sphenopholis obtusata var. major)

Sphenopholis pensylvanica — swamp-oats (Trisetum pensylvanicum) — Threatened — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Spinulum annotinum — stiff clubmoss (Lycopodium annotinum)

Spiraea alba var. latifolia — meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia)

Spiraea tomentosa — steeplebush

Spiranthes cernua — nodding ladies' tresses

Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis — southern slender ladies' tresses (Spiranthes gracilis) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Spiranthes lacera var. lacera — slender ladies' tresses

Spiranthes ochroleuca — yellow ladies' tresses — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Spiranthes tuberosa — little ladies' tresses — Watch-Listed

Spiranthes vernalis — grass-leaved ladies' tresses — Threatened — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Spiranthes ×intermedia (Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis × S. lacera var. vernalis) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Spirodela polyrrhiza — greater duckweed

Sporobolus cryptandrus — sand dropseed — Watch-Listed

Sporobolus vaginiflorus — poverty grass

Stachys hispida — hispid hedgenettle (Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida, S. tenuifolia var. platyphylla)

Stachys hyssopifolia — hyssop hedgenettle — Watch-Listed

Stachys pilosa var. pilosa — American hedgenettle (Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa) — Historic

Stellaria alsine — seep starwort

Stellaria longifolia — long-leaved starwort — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Strophostyles helvola — beach bean

Stuckenia pectinata — sago false pondweed, sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus)

Suaeda calceoliformis — American sea-blite (Suaeda americana) — Special Concern

Suaeda linearis — erect sea-blite

Suaeda maritima ssp. maritima — saltmarsh sea-blite

Suaeda maritima ssp. richii — Rich's sea-blite (Suaeda richii) — Watch-Listed

Swida alternifolia — pagoda dogwood, alternate-leaved dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)

Swida amomum var. amomum — silky dogwood (Cornus amomum ssp. amomum)

Swida racemosa — gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa, C. foemina ssp. racemosa)

Swida rugosa — round-leaved dogwood, talus dogwood (Cornus rugosa)

Symphyotrichum concolor — eastern silvery aster (Aster concolor) — Endangered

Symphyotrichum cordifolium — blue heartleaf aster (Aster cordifolius)

Symphyotrichum dumosum — long-stalked aster (Aster dumosus var. coridifolius, A. dumosus var. subulifolius)

Symphyotrichum dumosum × S. racemosum — long-stalked aster × white oldfield aster

Symphyotrichum ericoides — heath white aster

Symphyotrichum laeve — smooth aster (Aster laevis) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum — tall white or panicled aster (Aster lanceolatus, A. simplex)

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum — calico aster (Aster lateriflorus, A. vimineus)

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae — New England aster (Aster novae-angliae)

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii — New York aster (Aster novi-belgii var. novi-belgii)

Symphyotrichum patens — clasping aster, skydrops (Aster patens var. patens)

Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum — white oldfield aster (Aster pilosus var. pilosus)

Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlei — Pringle's aster (Aster pilosus var. pringlei, A. pringlei)

Symphyotrichum puniceum — bristly aster, swamp aster (Aster puniceus var. puniceus, A. puniceus var. firmus)

Symphyotrichum racemosum — smooth white oldfield aster

Symphyotrichum subulatum — annual saltmarsh aster (Aster subulatus var. subulatus)

Symphyotrichum tenuifolium — perennial saltmarsh aster (Aster tenuifolius)

Symphyotrichum undulatum — clasping hartleaf aster (Aster undulatus)

Symplocarpus foetidus — skunk cabbage

Taxus canadensis — Canada yew

Tephrosia virginiana — goat's rue — Watch-Listed (Status Changed after 2011)

Teucrium canadense var. canadense — American germander, saltmarsh germander (Teucrium canadense var. virginicum)

Thalictrum dioicum — early meadowrue

Thalictrum pubescens — tall meadowrue (Thalictrum pubescens var. hebecarpum, T. polygamum)

Thalictrum revolutum — waxy-leaved meadowrue

Thalictrum thalictroides — rue-anemone (Anemonella thalictroides)

Thelypteris palustris — marsh fern

Thelypteris, more: see Parathelypteris, Phegopteris

Tilia americana — basswood, American linden

Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida — pale mannagrass (Glyceria pallida, Puccinellia pallida)

Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii — slender mannagrass (Torreyochloa fernaldii, Glyceria fernaldii, Puccinellia fernaldii)

Toxicodendron radicans — poison ivy (Rhus radicans)

Toxicodendron vernix — poison sumac (Rhus vernix)

Tradescantia ohiensis — smooth spiderwort — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Triadenum virginicum — marsh St. John's-wort (Hypericum virginicum)

Trichophorum planifolium — woodland bulrush (Scirpus verecundus) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Trichostema dichotomum — forked bluecurls

Trientalis borealis: see Lysimachia borealis

Triglochin maritima — saltmarsh arrow-grass

Trillium cernuum — nodding trillium

Trillium erectum — red trillium, purple trillium — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Trillium undulatum — painted trillium

Triodanis perfoliata — Venus' looking-glass (Specularia perfoliata)

Triosteum aurantiacum — wild coffee

Triosteum perfoliatum — perfoliate horse-gentian — Endangered

Triplasis purpurea — purple sandgrass

Tripsacum dactyloides — northern gamagrass — Endangered

Tsuga canadensis — eastern hemlock

Turritis glabra — tower mustard (Arabis glabra) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Typha latifolia — broad-leaved cattail

Ulmus americana — American elm, white elm

Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis — slender stinging nettle

Utricularia cornuta — horned bladderwort, naked bladderwort

Utricularia geminiscapa — twin-scaped bladderwort

Utricularia gibba — humped bladderwort (Utricularia biflora)

Utricularia intermedia — northern bladderwort, flat-leaved milfoil

Utricularia macrorhiza — common bladderwort, great bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris var. americana, U. vulgaris ssp. macrorhiza)

Utricularia minor — lesser bladderwort — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Utricularia purpurea — purple bladderwort

Utricularia radiata — small floating bladderwort (Utricularia inflata var. minor)

Utricularia resupinata — resupinate bladderwort — Threatened

Utricularia subulata — slender, subulate, or zigzag bladderwort — Special Concern

Uvularia perfoliata — perfoliate bellwort — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Uvularia sessilifolia — little merrybells

Vaccinium angustifolium — lowbush blueberry

Vaccinium caesariense — New Jersey highbush blueberry

Vaccinium corymbosum — highbush blueberry

Vaccinium fuscatum — black highbush blueberry (Vaccinium atrococcum)

Vaccinium macrocarpon — American cranberry, large cranberry

Vaccinium oxycoccos — small cranberry

Vaccinium pallidum — hillside blueberry, dryland blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans)

Vallisneria americana — tapegrass, water celery

Veratrum viride — false hellebore

Verbena hastata — blue vervain, common vervain

Verbena urticifolia — white vervain

Vernonia noveboracensis — New York ironweed

Veronica americana — American brooklime (Veronica beccabunga var. americana)

Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina — purslane speedwell, neckweed

Veronica scutellata — marsh speedwell, narrow-leaved speedwell

Viburnum acerifolium — maple-leaf viburnum

Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum — northern arrowwood (Viburnum recognitum)

Viburnum lantanoides — hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium)

Viburnum lentago — nannyberry, sweet viburnum

Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides — wild raisin, witherod (Viburnum cassinoides)

Viola affinis — Le Conte's violet (Viola latiuscula) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Viola blanda — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, BR, NO

Viola blanda — large-leaved white violet (Viola incognita)

Viola brittoniana — northern coastal violet, Britton's violet (Viola atlantica, V. pedatifida ssp. brittoniana) — Threatened

Viola cucullata — marsh blue violet

Viola labradorica — American dog violet (Viola conspersa)

Viola lanceolata — bog white violet, lanceleaf violet

Viola pallens — northern white violet (Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens)

Viola palmata — three-lobed violet (Viola palmata var. dilatata, V. triloba var. dilatata, V. triloba) — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Viola pedata — birdsfoot violet

Viola primulifolia — primrose-leaf violet

Viola pubescens — downy yellow violet (Viola pensylvanica)

Viola rotundifolia — roundleaf violet

Viola sagittata — ovate-leaved violet, arrowleaf violet (Viola fimbriatula)

Viola sororia — common blue violet (Viola papilionacea, Viola septentrionalis)

Vitis aestivalis — summer grape

Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor — silver-leaved grape (Vitis aestivalis var. argentifolia)

Vitis labrusca — fox grape

Vulpia octoflora var. tenella — six-weeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora var. glauca, Festuca octoflora var. tenella)

Wolffia brasiliensis — Brazilian or papillate watermeal (Wolffia papulifera) — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Wolffiella gladiata — sickle watermeal (Wolffiella floridana) — Watch-Listed

Woodsia ilvensis — rusty woodsia

Woodsia obtusa — blunt-lobed cliff fern — unknown from PL but recorded from BR, NO

Woodwardia areolata — netted chain fern

Woodwardia virginica — Virginia chain fern

Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense — cocklebur, clotbur (Xanthium echinatum, X. italicum)

Xyris difformis — bog yellow-eyed grass

Xyris smalliana — quagmire yellow-eyed grass — Watch-Listed

Xyris torta — twisted yellow-eyed grass

Zannichellia palustris — horned pondweed

Zizania aquatica — wild rice

Zizania palustris — slender wild rice (Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia) — Watch-Listed — unknown from PL but recorded from BA, NO

Zizia aurea — golden alexanders

Zostera marina — eelgrass

Notes & Disclaimer
      Taxonomic treatments constantly change. A few changes took place during the years passed from the publication of the Checklist 2011, so current approaches to species may sometimes deviate from those in the Checklist. Some names had been missing from the 2011 Checklist and were recognized later, for example, at least some records of Amelanchier laevis from Plymouth County must belong to Amelanchier x intermedia (a hybrid of Amelanchier laevis and A. canadensis). In fact all records at Salicicola from Plymouth County belong to the latter species and not to Amelanchier laevis. It is quite possible that Amelanchier laevis is not present in Plymouth County.
      Changes in understanding the scope of certain species may affect their state-protected status. For example, prior to publication of the Checklist 2011, the understanding of Nantucket shadbush Amelanchier nantucketensis had been changed. It was decided that inland populations of a shrub formerly treated as a separate species Amelanchier x micropetala actually belonged to A. nantucketensis previously known from just Cape Cod and the Islands. The change involved the treatment of Plymouth populations as well as the population in the Blue Hills Reservation and resulted in adding many new occurrences to the range of A. nantucketensis. Consequently, the species lost its state-protected status. At Salicicola we disagree with this decision: we believe lumping A. x micropetala and A. nantucketensis was not enough justified; Nantucket shadbush must retain its protected status. However, this list depicts the currently lowered (Watch-Listed) status of the shrub along with the concept of its presence in Plymouth County.
      Additional changes in comparison with the Checklist 2011:
* The spelling/style of common names has been unified, typos noticed in the Checklist corrected.
* The following species have been excluded from the list of native plants:
Aronia arbutifolia (according to the study undertaken by Bryan Connolly (PhD Thesis, 2014), it does not occur in coastal New England, existing records appearing to be mis-identifications);
Typha angustifolia (now treated as not native in Massachusetts, or even invasive: [1], [2], etc.);
Salsola kali (both ssp. kali and ssp. pontica are non-native, according to the Flora of North America).

Feb. 10, 2021, 5:16 p.m.

— Draft #1.0.7 [revno 35+]

Native Plants Reported from or Likely to Occur in Plymouth County, MA Includes 1,139 species, subspecies, natural varieties, and natural hybrids Source: Massachusetts County Checklist (2011, First Revision)

Native Plants Reported from or Likely to Occur in Plymouth County, MA
Includes 1,139 species, subspecies, natural varieties, and natural hybrids
Source: Massachusetts County Checklist (2011, First Revision)